Procurement Practices of Higher Education Institutions in Samar Province
Keywords:
Procurement Practices, Higher Education Institutions (HEI), Samar ProvinceAbstract
This study aimed to determine the procurement practices of HEIs in Samar Province. The descriptive research design was used in the conduct of this study to provide a descriptive account or to establish a quantitative relationship between the variables. For the findings, the experiences of the procurement process of private HEIs procurement officer, supplier and end-user respondents in terms of timeliness, effectiveness and quality of the item, the procurement officers experienced to follow the procurement policy of the private HEIs to acquire the supplies with the best quality of the product at the most possible time and to pay the suppliers after delivery was made. For the procurement process of infrastructure projects of private HEIs along timeliness, effectiveness, and quality of the items, the results revealed that the allocation of funds and time table of the project was determined by the private HEIs head of office or the board of directors. For the conclusions, as to volume received, the public HEIs end-users expected to receive all their supplies based on the Annual Procurement Plan, while the private HEIs expected to receive their request as approved by their agency. In addition, public HEI-end-user-respondents had the highest wit with 10 or 30.30 percent to indicator “Good Quality” and the private HEIs had the highest of 13 or 40.63 percent to indicator “Best Quality”. This revealed that both HEIs received the items with the “Good Quality” when the PO was served and approved by the procuring entity. it was concluded that among three groups of respondents, the procurement officers, the suppliers and the end-user had similar observations on the extent of implementation of the procurement process along timeliness, effectiveness and quality of the item of HEIs in Samar Province.
References
Abaya, et al., vs. Ebdane, et al., GR No. 167919 (2007). Supreme Court of the Philippine. Retrieved January 3, 2017 from sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2007/feb2007/167919.htm
Abdallah, W. (2015, May 23). Effect of electronic public procurement -Evidence from Bangladesh. Paper presented at the International Growth Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, 13-14, Working Paper 23. Retrieved March 4, 2017 from www.theigc.org/project/effecdt-of-e-procurement-system.pdf
ADB (2009, March). Republic of the Philippines: Strengthening the Philippine government electronic procurement system (PhilGEPS). Technical Assistance Report, Project Number. 42537, Policy and Advisory Technical Assistance (PATA). Asian Development Bank Strengthening the PhilGEPS.pdf.
AFDB (2014). Governance in public procurement. African Development Bank. Retrieved August 11, 2018 from http://www.afdb.org/Procurement-review.
Aman, A. & Kasimin, H. (2011). E-procurement implementation: A case of the Malaysian government. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 5(4), 330-344. Retrieved July 4, 2018 from https://doi.org/10.1108/17506161111173586.
Ambat, G. H. & Ycasiano R. K. (2008). 6th DPRM (Development Policy Research Month), Managing the development impact of international migration. Policy Brief: Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO), 7, 267. PB 2008-05-Plugging the Loopholes.pdf
Ameya, C., Mensah, S. and Osei-Tutu, E. (2012). Public procurement in Ghana: The implementation challenges to the public procurement law 2003 (Act 663), International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management, 2(2), 2012, 55-65. DOI 10.14424/ijcsm202012-55-65
AppsFreedom (2017). The newsletter: The top five procurement process best practices to maximize efficiency. Retrieved August 14, 2018 from https://www.appsfreedom.com/insights/industry/the-top-five-procurement-process-best-practices-to-maximize-efficiency
UAS (2010). The American Heritage. Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.) CA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
Barahona, J. C. & Elizondo, A, M, (2014). Introducing a disruptive service innovation: A national dilemma in e-Procurement. Management Decision, 52(9), 1782-1800. Retrieved August 19, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2013-0497.
Basheka, B. C. (2008). Procurement planning and accountability of local government procurement systems in developing countries: Evidence from Uganda, Journal of Public Procurement, 8(3), 379-406. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/JOPP-08-03-2008-B005.
BD Dictionary (2012). Austin: Web Finance Inc.
Benton, W. C., Jr. (2010). Purchasing and supply chain management (2nd edd.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Board Resolution No. 75, s. 2018. SSU, Board Resolution.
Bombay, N. M. (2011). Philippines: case study on the Philippine government electronic procurement system (PhilGEPS). Asian Development Bank (ADB), Philippines, 59 pages. Project Number: June 2011, 43149-01. 43149-012-reg-tacr-01(3).pdf
Cadapan-Antonio, M. T. (2016). Transparency in public procurement. Dumaguete City, Philippines: Silliman University.
Campbell, A. & strikwerda H. (2013). The power of one: towards the new integrated organization, Journal of Business Strategy, 34(2), 4-12. Retrieved march 13, 2019, from https://doi.org/10.1108/02756661311310404
Carl, A. (1994). Conciliation Resources, working together for peace. Philippine Association of State Colleges and Universities (PASUC). London: University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from https://c-r.org
CHED (2018). Tertiary education subsidy in full swing, Commission on Higher Education, September 18, 2018. Retrieved from https://pia.gov.ph
CMO (2006). Commission on Higher Education Memorandum Circular No. 32, Art. VII, series 10 of 2006.
Choi, J. (2010). A study of the role of public procurement: Can public procurement make society better? Retrieved August 10, 2018 from www.ippa.org/IPPCA/proceedings/13ProcurementPreferences/Paper13-4.pdf
Citizen’s Charter (2007). Republic Act 9485 otherwise known as the Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007. Citizen’s CharterFinalsv2.pdf
CMO (2012). “Policy-Standard to Enhance Quality Assurance (QA) in the Philippine Higher Education through Outcomes-Based and Typology-Based QA”. http://www.ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/CMO-No.46-s2012.pdf
COA (2012). Updated guidelines for the prevention and disallowance of irregular, unnecessary, excessive, extravagant and unconscionable expenditure. Issued on October 29, 2012, 28 pages. COA_2012-003.pdf
Cole, K. (2005). Strategic supplier engagement towards a Plan London strategy, October 31, 2005, Version: 2.1 Final, 18 pages. Retrieved from library.sps-consultancy.co.uk/…/guidance…/supplier-engagement.pdf
CSC (2017). CSC Forum: Step increment. Civil Service Commission - Gawing Linkod Bayan And Bawat Kawani. Kunena Forum. Retrieved July 13, 2018, from http://www.csc.gov.ph/forum/furom/other-matters/112-step-increment
Daft, R. L. (2005). Management (7th ed.), Singapore: South-Western, Thomson Learning Asia.
DBM (2016). The 2016 Revised IRR of RA 9184 (Government Procurement Reform Act), Government Issuance 2016, 149 pages. Retrieved from http://pawd.org.ph/government-issueances/the-2016-resied-irr-of-ra-9184-government-procurement-reform-act/
De Belen, R. T. (2011). Education laws and jurisprudence: A developmental perspective (1st ed.). Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc.
De Leon, H. S. & De Leon, H. M. Jr (2014). Textbook on the Philippine Constitution. Philippines: Rex Book Store.
Dhar, S. & Balakrishnan, B. (2006). Risks, benefits, and challenges in global IT outsourcing: perspectives and practices. Journal of Global Information Management, 14(3), 41. Retrieved September 16, 2015, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220500331_Risks_Benefits_and_Challenges_in_Global_IT_Outsourcing_Perspectives_and_Practices
Diamante, H. G. A. & Olimberio, M. G. (2013). Compliance of procurement process in Eastern Visayas State University Main Campus (Unpublished master’s thesis). Eastern Visayas State University, Tacloban City.
DiNunzio, M. R., (2006). Wilson, Woodrow. Essential writings and speeches of the Scholar-President. New YYork: University Press.
DOH (2010). Customized Procurement Manual (1st ed.). Volume 2 Manual of Procedures for the Procurement of Goods. Department of Health - Procurement Service, Manila: Philippines, 420 pages.
Doi, T. (2004, April/August). Government Financial Institutions: What and How to Reform. Keio University and TCER, 29 pages. Retrieved from tdoi@econ..keio.ac.jp. http://www.econ.keio.ac.jp/staff/tdoi/
DTI (2017). Securing business permits and business registration. Board of Investment. Invest.cfo.govp.ph/pdf/part2/securing-business-permits-and-business-registration.pdf
Dzuke, A., & Naude, M.J.A. (2015). Procurement challenges in the Zimbabwean public sector: A preliminary study, Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management 9(1), Art. #166, 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jtscm.v9i1.166
Edu USA (2018). Glossary of Collegiate Terms. Education USA: Texas A & M University, Commerce. Retrieved from http://educationusa.state.gov/
Edwards & Pearce (2016). European Union, European social fund. UK Edinburg: Hull College Group. Retrieved July 11, 2018, from https://www.hull-college.ac.uk/careers/buyers-or-procurement-officer/3541_enquirires@edwardsandpearce.co.uk
Encarta (2008). Encarta Dictionary, Microsoft Corporation. Redmond U.S.A.: Microsoft Encarta andStudent Program Manager One Microsoft Way, Retrieved from Encwish@microsoft.com
Energies (2013). A Political, Economic, Social, technology, legal and Environmental (PESTLE) approach for risk identification of the Tidal Industry in the United Kingdom. Retrieved from, www.mdpi.com/journal/energies23pagesEnergies2013,6,5023-5045;doi:10.3390/en6105023
EPA (2018). Environmental Protection Agency, Johnstown Castle Estate Wexford, http://www.eoa.ie/about/procurement/
Erridge, A. (2007). Public procurement, public value and the Northern Ireland unemployment pilot project, Public Administration, 85(4), 123-143, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00674.x
Estrada, J. N. M. (2017). Legal challenges to private education in the Philippines, The Manila Times. Intramuros Manila: Philippines, pp 280. Retrieved July 2, 2018, from http://www.manilatimes.net/author/joseph_noel_m-estrada/
Ewalt, J. A. G. (2001). Theories of governance and new public management: Links to understanding welfare policy implementation, Annual conference of the American Society for Public Administration, March 12, 2001, 24 pages. Retrieved from www.scribd.com/document/55075708/Theories-of-Governance-and-New-Public-Management-Japan
Fajardo, F. R. (2006). Management (1st ed.). Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc.
FDA (1996). Medical devices; Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) final rule; quality system regulation. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Rules and Regulations, 61(e195), 52601-52662. Federal Register: October 7, 1996. Retrieved from wais.access.gpo.gov
Firmo, J. P. & Limpin, G. A. (2015). Establishing an enhanced process of procurement for office supplies and operations equipment in DAR Leyte-Biliran provincial office (Unpublished master’s thesis). Eastern Visayas State University, Tacloban City.
Fry, H., Katteridge, S. Marshall, S. & Marshall, S. et al., (2009). Handbook for teaching and learning in higher education. Great Britain: Psychology Press, 449 pages. Retrieved from Books.google.co.uk ISBN 0749438770, 978074943877
Globerson, S. B. (2014). Project Management: Processes, Methodologies, and Economics (10th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Google (2018). Good Maps: 8:40 AM, 06/15/2018. Samar Island. https://www.google.com/maps/palce/Samar+Island/
GPPB (2016). Handbook on Philippine government procurement - GPPB. Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act 9184, 114 pages. Retrieved from https://www.gppb.gov.ph/laws/laws/Revised.IRR.RA9184xxx.pdf
Grimm, R. (2015). Public procurement in higher education. NIGP: The Institute for public procurement. 2411 Dulles Corner Park, Suite 350, Herndon, VA 20171. Retrieved from www.nigp.org
Guadalquiver, N. L. (2004). SUCs lament government’s inadequate financial aid. Sun Star Iloilo. July 7, 2004.
Hanzl, S., Meschik, M., & Sammer G. (2003). Policy formulation and implementation. Institution for Transport Studies, University for Bodenkultur Vienna. Research Project. 75 pages. Kt9b_wm_en_6_2.pdf. Retrieved from www.edu-portal.net
Harland, C., Calendar, G., Knight, L., Telgen, J., Thai, K., & Walker, H. (2018), International comparisons of public procurement strategies and practice, public procurement as a lever of government reform. International Research Evidence. Retrieved from https://www.utwente.nl
Hay, S. (2008, June). Exposing corrupt politicians: The effect of Brazil’s publicly released audits on electoral outcomes. Quarterly Journal of Economics 123, 51(2): 703-45. JEL Classifications: D72, D78, H41, O18. SSRN: Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=997867
Hitt, M. A., Black Stewart, J., & Porter, L. W. (2012). Management (3rd ed.) New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
Hou, Y. (2006). Budgeting under central economic planning in China, 1949-1978. Research paper. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, Volume: 18(4) 2006, 430-452. httpd://doi.org/10.1108/JPBA18-042006-B004
Huka, H. A., Machopa, A., D. & Kimambo J. J. (2014). Analysis on procurement procedures in local government authorities: Experience after procurement reforms and case analysis from selected councils in Kilimanjaro Tanzania. European Journal of Business and Management. ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper)ISSN 2222-2839 (Online) 6(18), 8. B8b7e6d0fdb8c9e269266270a982b7f71001.pdf
Hurley, D., Murner, D. & Russell, A. (2010). Public college and university procurement: A survey of the state regulatory environment institutional procurement practices and efforts toward cost containment. Retrieved July 13, 2018 from Aascu.org or naepnet.org
JICA (2017). UNESCO Global Education Monitoring Report Consultation Workshop. A standard definition by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. https://www.jica.go.jp/jica-ri/news/topics/20170625_01.htm
JL (2003). Higher education: A guide to universities and vocational colleges. Just Landed. Retrieved July 14, 2018, from https://www.justlanded.com/english/Philippines/Philippines-guide/Education/Heigher-education.
Jones, D. S. (2013). “Procurement reform in the Philippines: The impact of elite capture and informal bureaucracy”, Research Paper, International Journal of Public Sector Management, 26(5), 375-400. Retrieved August 14, 2018, from https://www.emeraldinsights.com/doi/ref/10.1108/IJPSM-05-2013-0068
Joseph, R. II (2014). Welcome to eurydice: Better knowledge for better education policies. Retrieved June 12, 2018 from https://eaacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/types-higher-education-institutions-54_en
Kakwezi, P. & Nyeko, S. (2010). Procurement processes and performance: Efficiency and effectiveness of the procurement function. Research Gate. 23 pages. PROCUREMENT_PROCESSES_AND_PERFORMANCE_EFFICIENCY_A.pdf
Kenny, R.J., Read, J.D. & Worthington, R. C. (2008). Review of the government's procurement legislation, policies and processes. Final Report to the Government Purchasing Agency, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, March 25, 2008, 165 pages. Retrieved from www.gpa.gov.nlca/publications/procurement_review.pdf
Keseru, J. (2013). How do other countries perform when it comes to procurement transparency? Sunlight Foundation, October 3, 2013. Retrieved from https://sunlightfoundation.com
Kinicki, A. & Williams, B. K. (2013). Management: A Practical Introduction (6th ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin Companies, Inc.
KOINNO (2017). Public procurement of innovation, Guide, 2nd edition 2017. 48 pages. KOINNO_PublicProcurementInnovation.pdf
Koninklikje, P. P. (2004). Company suppliers, Koninklikje, Philips Philips & Co., Philips Electronics Netherlands B.V., Boschdijk 525, 5621JG, Retrieved June 24, 2018, from https://www.philips.com/a-w/about/company/suppliers.html
Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., & Malhotra, M. K. (2013). Operations Management Processes and Supply Chains (10th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson educations Inc.
Kranish, J. (2018). Corporate procurement: How to create supplier profiles to improve you negotiations. CEB On the Go, USA.: Gartner Inc.
Larson, P. D. (2009). Public vs private sector perspectives on supply chain management, Journal of Public Procurement, 9(2), 222-247. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/J09-02-2009-B003
Lee, J. M. J. (2010). N exploratory study on the mature level evaluation of e-procurement systems, Journal of Public Procurement, 10(3). 405-427, Retrieved March 5, 2018 from https://doi.org/10.1108/JOPP-10-03-2010-Boo4
Legal, Inc. Disclaimer and License. (2016). Retrieved July 3, 2018, from https://definitions.uslegal.com/g/government-procurement/
Leveriza, J. P. (2008). Public administration, The business of government (2nd ed.). Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.
Levi, D. S., Kaminsky, P., & Levi, E. S. (2008). Designing and managing the supply chain: Concepts, strategies, and case studies (3rd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill/Irwin Companies Inc.
Llanto, G. M. (2008). A review of Build-Operate-Transfer for infrastructure development: Some lessons for policy reform. PIDS Discussion paper Series 2008-24. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/12670
Loppacher. J.S., Cagliano, R., & Spina, G. (2010). Key factors in global supply headquarters-subsidiary control systems, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 21(1), 794-817. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/17410381011077928
Lorenzana, C. C. (2003). Management: Theory and Practice (Revised Edition). Manila: Rex Book Store.
Lundy, K., Ladd, H., & Gibbs, R. (2017). Public-private partnerships in higher education, What is right for your Institution? Parthenon-EY Education Practice of Ernst & Young Global Limited, UK., Retrieved August 18, 2018 from parthenon.ey.com
Lynch, J. A. T. (n.d.). Five questions on delays in the procurement process. The Procurement Classroom Series. Retrieved march 31, 2019 from https://procurementclassroom.com/5-questions-on-delays-in-the-procurements-process/
Lynch, J. (2018). Public and Project procurement for novice and aspiring procurement practitioners - request for quotations. Manila: the Procurement Classroom Rainmaker Platform. Retrieved July 15, 2018 from https://procurementclassroom.com/request-for-quotations/
Malto, W. M. (2016). School plant facilities and maintenance enhanced model of Polompon Institute of Technology (Unp;ublished Dissertation). Cebu Technological University, Cebu City.
Manyenze, N. (2013). Procurement performance in the public universities in Kenya. Retrieved August 14, 2018, from chss.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/chss/Noel%20Manyenze%20D61-72964-2009.pdf
Martin, S. (2008). Congress gives state colleges, universities increased subsidies. The Manila Times. May 29, 2008.
MDB (2012). Procurement principles applicable to private sector transactions.pdf. Multilateral Development Bank, October 1, 2012, 24 pages.
Miclat, E. E. Jr. (2005). Strategic planning in education: Making change happen. Manila: Rex Book Store.
Miranda, G. S. & Gow-Miranda, C. M. (1996). Management principles and practices (2nd ed.). Manila: L & G Business House.
Mitchell, P. (2018). Spend matters: Solution intelligence for procurement. Chicago: Azul Partners, Inc.
Mitnick, B. M. (2006). Origin of the theory of agency, an account by one of the theory's originators. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
Moolia, M. N. & Aerie P. (2016). Procurement policy - University of Pretoria. Document No.: Rt213/16. Retrieved July 11, 2018, from www.up.ac.za/media/shared/5/ZP_Files/Policies/procurement-policy.zp114920.pdf
MORPHE (2008, July 31). CHED Memorandum Order No. 40, series of 2008. Manual of Regulations for Private Higher Education, 49 pages. Retrieved from www.scribd.com/doc/21685794/CMO-40-s-2008-MOR-for-Private-H-E
Msharmu, L. N. (2013). Assessment of effectiveness of procurement process in public sector: A case of Temeke municipal council - Dsm. Temeke Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Retrieved August 13, 2018, from http://scholar.mzumbe.ac.tz/handle/11192/772
Murray, M. (2018). Quality in purchasing and supply chain impact. The balance of small business. https://www.thebalancesmb.com/quality-in-the-purchasing-process-2221199.
Murray, J.G. (2009, September). Towards a common understanding of the difference between purchasing, procurement and commissioning in the UK Public Sector, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 15(3), 198-202. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2009.03.003
NBC (2015). National Budget Circular No. 2015-558. Department of Budget and Management, p. 3, Manila. Retrieved July 11, 2018, from NBC558_ProcurementUnits.pdf
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerthart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2014). Fundamentals of human resource management (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
NVP (2018). Procurement Officer at West African Power Pool. New Vacant Position,Administrative Jobs in Nigeria, May 14, 2018. Retrieved from jobs@ecowap.org
Ochonma, E. (2015). Procurement and supply chain management: Emerging concepts, strategies and challenges. Bloomington, USA: Author House, 302 pages.
Oshagbemi, T. (2000). Is length of service related to the level of job satisfaction? International Journal of Social Economics, 27(3), 213-226. Retrieved July 13, 2018, from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/03068290010286546
Otterberg, S. & Timpane M. (1996). Collaboration and schools. Public-private collaboration: Improving urban life (In P. Davis Ed.). New York: The Academy of Political Science.
Pascua, L. (2013). Philippine country procurement assessment report 2012. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
Patterson, M. (2014). Scientific methods in production scheduling and sequencing. United Kingdom: Koros Press Limited.
Payos, R. (2010). Human resource management: From the practitioner’s point of view. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
PCAB (2017). PCAB Board Resolution No. 201, Series of 2017. BR No. 201 s 2017 - Revisiting and Adjusting the Financial Requirements.pdf
PhilGEPS (2018). https://www.philgeps.gov.ph/GEPSNONPILOT/#
Piasecki, D. (2012). Order picking: Methods and equipment for piece pick, case pick. Inventory Operations Consulting, Kenosha, Wi 53141. Retrieved from www.inventoryops.com/order_picking.htm
Pisanu, A. (2018). How to get the best procurement for school. Education Business, published by PSi Ltd. Retrieved August 13, 2018, from www.educationbusiness.net/features/how-get-best-procurement-schools
PMO (2016). Agency Procurement Compliance and Performance Indicator Privatization and Management Office, Government Procurement Policy Board, p. 12. Retrieved from www.pmo.gov.ph/transparency/PMO_APP_2016_APCPI.pdf
PO No. 2012-101A (2012, August), Bayan PC Technologies, Inc. DBM, Malacanang, Manila. Retrieved from FaxConsumables_Printer_2012_pdf
Princeton (2019). Matteo was named vice president for finance and treasurer at princeton. University News, January 7, 2019 at the Trustees of Princeton University. Retrieved January 10, 2019 from https://www.princeton.edu/news/2019/01/07/matteo-named-vice-president-finance-and-treasurer-princeton
Prof cane (2015). E-enabled operations management. New York: Delve Publishing LLC.
Punch, K. F. and Punch, K. (2005). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. London: Sage
PV (2015). DBM Unit/Office No. of Position Title SG Item No. Qualification Publication of Vacancies as of December 29, 2015. pdf, p.1. Retrieved from www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Vacancies/2015..
Qaisar, M. (2017). What are delays in the procurement process? Posted: December 21, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2019 from https://specialties/q/388543/what-are-delays-in-the-procurement-process/
RA 6713 (1989). Rules Implementing the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees, Republic Act No. 6713, March 25, 1989, 18 pages. Implementing_Rules_of_RA_6713.pdf
RA 9500 (2008). An act to strengthen the University of the Philippines as the national university. Republic Act No. 9500. Retrieved December 13, 2018, from www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9500.html
RA 9719 (2009). Renaming Tiburcio Tancinco Memorial Institute of Science and Technology into Northwest Samar State University integrating therewith Samar State College of Agriculture and Forestry located in San Jorge, Samar. Retrieved December 1, 2018 from https://thecorpusjuris.com>Legistrative>RepublicActs
Recupero, R., Dewey, L., Thompson, M. & Emami, B. (2011). Review of procurement process for procurement under $80,000. 38 pp. CAN: ThinkPlacePtyLtd.
Robbins, S. P., DeCenzo, D. A., & Coulter, M. (2015). Fundamentals of management essential concepts and applications (9th ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.
Roc, B. F. V. (2013). Government suppliers to pay higher PhilGEPS Fees, Business World Online August 7, 2018, Manila, Philippines, p1. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from http://www.Bworldonline.com/content.php?section-economy title=Gov%E2%80%99t-suppliers-to-pay-higher-PhilGEPS-fees&id=67621
Rotchanakitumnuai, S. (2013). The governance evidence of e-government procurement, Transforming Government” People, Process and Policy, 7(3), 309-321. Retrieved July 4, 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2013-0004
Russell, A. (2017). What are the duties of a procurement officer? Career Trend. Retrieved from careertrend.com/duties-procurement-officer-2794.html
Shay, A. E. (2018). Procurement officer at PAE: Job Description. Pacific Architects and Engineers Inc., Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved July 14, 2018, from https://www.jobs.net/jobs/pae/en-us/job/United-States/Procurement-Officer/J3R45C5VTDL26TLFK3V/
Shen, L. Y., Li, Q. M. (2002). Alternative concession model for build operate transfer contract projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 128 (4), August 2002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)00733-9364(2002)128:4(326)
Sillanpaa, I., Khuram S. & Sillanpaa, S. (2015, January). Supplier development and buyer-supplier relationship strategies - a literature review. International Journal of Procurement Management, 8(½), 227-250. Publisher: Inderscience. DOI: 10.1504/IJPM.2015.066283
Scrivastava, R. (2016). E-Procurement: Decentralizing the process for higher education institutions. New Jersey: Cognizant 20-20 Insights. Retrieved August 22, 2018 from Rohit Srivastava@cognizant.com
Suchanek, P., Richter, J. & Kralova, M. (2017). Customer satisfaction with quality of products of food business, Prague Economic Papers, University of Economics, Prague, 2017(1), 19-35.
Tetteh, E. (2014). Avoid delays in the procurement. EMMANUEL Tetteh. pdf
UEO (2018). OECD Glossary of Statistical Terms - Independent Private Institution. UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Retrieved from www2.ed.gov/about/inits/ed/international-ed/unesco.html
Vendors (2014). Current contract information form. Retrieved from www.seattle.gov/purchasing/VendorContracts/Docs/SCHUTTS2011-03-22
Watt, K. A. (2018, June). Harvard Law Review: Volume 131(8). Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?isbn=1610277635
Weisheng, L. Liu, A. M. M., Hongdi, W., & Zhongbing, W. (2013). Procurement innovation for public construction projects: A study of agent- construction system and public-private partnership in China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 20(6), 543-562.
Wensley, R. (2013). Effective management in practice: Analytical insights and critical questions (1st ed.). London: SAGE Publication Ltd.
Yamamoto, K. (2010). Educational and public accountability of higher education institutions in the case of national universities in Japan. A keynote speech at the International Policy and Leadership, Tamkang University, 11-12th October 2010, 20 pages. Retrieved from ykiyoshi@p.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Zihala, M. (2003). Democracy: The greatest good for the greatest number. lanham, Md.: University Press of America, Digitized 13 Oct. 2008, ISBN 0761826181, 9780761826187, OCLC Number 52460036, 167 pages.