Managerial Skills of High School Principals: Their Influence on the Morale of Teachers
Keywords:
Managerial Skills, Principals, MoraleAbstract
The main purpose of this study is to describe or assess the managerial skills of secondary school principals and their influence on teachers' morale in the nine secondary schools in the division of Samar. The computed r-value of -0.46 implies a marked/moderate relationship between length of service and teacher’s morale. The value proved to be significant since the Fisher’s t-value of 6.303 was greater than the tabular value of 1.96. This implies that principals who had been in the service for quite a long time will lower teacher’s morale while principals who had served a shorter period of time had a tendency to boost teacher’s morale. The teacher’ morale is not in any way influenced by the principals’ length of service because to them, the experience of their principals in terms of number of years is an external factor which does not have bearing on any of the indicators on teachers’ morale. Also, length of service of school principal in most cases is not a guarantee of teachers motivation, since motivation is an individual and independent experience of an employee, hence relative or situational. The training attended by the secondary school principals likewise influenced the morale of teachers to an observable degree. This is so because when a subordinate is informed of the vastness of training of his leader or superior, also the trust and confidence of the subordinate to his superior is enhanced. Teachers’ morale is not so much related to the principals’ performance rating but is moderately affected by the principal’s age. This is because performance ratings of secondary school principals are not regarded as an influencing factor on the morale of teachers, in this study.
References
BOOKS
Adler, Alfred. The Practice and Theory of Educational Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1976.
Barret, Gerald V. and bass, Bernardo M. An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychological Psychologist. 2nd ed.: Boston: Allyn & Baron, Inc., 1991.
Bartibly, John A. Supervision as Human Relations. Boston: D.C. Heat and Company, 1993.
Bittel, Lester R. The Basics of Supervisory Management. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill Co., New York, 1991.
Black, James and Black, Virginia Todd. The Front-Line Managers’ Problem-Solver. New York: McGraw-Hill Book, Co., 1991.
Burton, William. Supervision a Social Process. 3rd edition, Appleton-Century Crafts, Inc., 1972.
Culp, W.W. Qualification of a Personal Managers. Manila, Personnel Management Association of the Philippines, Inc., 1973.
Davis, Keith. Human Behavior at Work. Human Relations Organizational Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1973.
Ebel, R.L. Measuring Educational Achievement, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965.
Great Illustrated Dictionary. 1984.
Goldhammer, Robert. Clinical Supervision. New York: Holt, Rinehard and Winston, 1991.
Good, Carter C. Dictionary of Education. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
Hanson, Mark E. Educational Administration and Organizational Behavior. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc., 1991.
Harris, P. R. Increasing Leadership Effectiveness with People. LAJOLLA, CA: Harris International Management and Organization Development Inc., 1992.
Hebbing, D. & Glick L. Introduction to Sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994.
Houser, J.D. The Art of Strategic Management. New York: McMillan, 1991.
Jucius, Michael J. Elements of Managerial Action. Richard D. Irwin, Inc. Honewood, Illinois, 60430, 1973.
Kahayon, A. & Aquino G. General Psychology. Manila: National Bookstore, Inc., 1995.
Kimbrough. Ralf B. Education and Administration, An Introduction. New York: McMillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1976.
Likert, Resis. New Patterns of Management. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1972.
Maslow, Abraham. Human Motivation and Teacher Motivation and Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1984.
Mathis, Robert and Johnson John. Personnel and Human Resource Management. Boston: Allyn and Bacon Inc., 1992.
McGregor, Douglas. The Human Side of the Enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1980.
Menzies, James Black and Virginia Todd Black. The First Line Managers’ Problem-Solver. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1991.
Meyer, Federico. UNESCO International Conference. 1994.
Miranda, Gregorio S. Supervisory Management. National Bookstore, Inc., Copyright 1993.
Morphet, Edgar L and Others. Educational Administration. New Jersey Prenctice-Hall, Inc., 1991.
Numson, Eduard E. The Management of Men. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.
Row, William H. “The Principalship”. New York: McMillan Publishing Inc., 1974.
Stanley, William. Educational Administration in the Elementary Schools, Tasks and Challenge. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1994.
Stogdill, A. Personality and Organization: The Conflict Between System and the Individual. Harper and Row, New York, 1990.
Stoner, James A.F. Management. Prentice-Hill, Englewood Cliff, New Jersey, 1992.
The New Webster Dictionary. 1995
Walpole, Ronald E. Introduction to Statistics. New York: McMiller Publishing Co., Inc. 1982.
B. PERIODICALS
Arellano, Renato. “Teachers Morale and School Management” The Filipino Teacher, Jul, 1984.
Cruz, Sta. Romana Neni, “Conversation with Education Minister Lourdes Quisumbing”. Sunday Inquirer, June 14, 1987.
House, Robert. “A Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness”. Administrative Science Quarterly, Volume 16, 1981.
Lange, Rosee. “A Different Look at Supervision Views, Insights and Perspective”, Management Communique, Manhattan, Kansas, Vol., 24, No. 2, (October 1992).
Laya, Jaime. “On National Accreditation Agency: Problems and Prospect,” EAP Digest (August 1991, Vol. VII).
Mann, L. Organizational Renewal. New York: Appleton - Century Croffs, 1965.
Ople, Blas. “Restoring Teachers to the Pedestal,” Philippine Graphic, Vol. 4, No. 47 (May 6, 1994).
Ramos, Fidel V. “Education for Philippines 2000: Strategies Actions,” Philippine Graphic, Vol. No. 47 (May 6, 1994).
C. UNPUBLISHED WORKS
Abata, Rosario C. “The District Supervisors and Principals as Seen by Classroom Teachers in the Division of Northern Leyte.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of the Visayas, 1992.
Abon, Jose O. “Teachers Perception on Management Tasks and Skills of Elementary School Principals: Its Relation to Teachers’ Performance and Morale”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Christ the King College, Calbayog City, 1997.
Agda, Fortunato. “Management Behavior of School Administrators in Northern Samar as Perceived by the School Administrators Themselves, by their Teachers”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Divine Word University, Tacloban City, 1993.
Batica, Prescila L. “A Study of the Morale of Teachers in Selected Elementary Schools of the Division of Eastern Samar”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Divine Word University, Tacloban City, March 1997.
Caveiro, Antonio F. “The Administrator and Supervisory Styles of Secondary School Administrators: Basic Policy Redirection”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Samar College, Catbalogan, Samar, 1997.
Espenido, Visitacion. “Some Factors Affecting the Attitude of Iligan City Public School Teachers Towards Their Supervisors”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Cebu Normal College, 1994.
Flores, Corazon K. “Teachers Morale in the Division of Cotabato, Malaybalay Bukidnon”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Bukidnon State University, Bukidnon, 1990.
Lee, Abraham R. “An Executive Development Program for Public School Administrators of Tawi-Tawi Based on Analysis of Their Competencies and Need”, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, UNiversity of San Jose Recolletos, Cebu City, 1992.
Mandreza, Rutchel R. “TEachers Morale and the Leadership Behavior of Secondary School Administrators of Leyte Division”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Divine Word University, Tacloban City, 1990.
Panela, Teody S. “Management Competencies of Second Level Managers of the *th Infantry Division, Philippine Army in Eastern Samar”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Samar College, Catbalogan, Samar, 1998.
Quitalig, Thelma C. “Management System of Newly Nationalized High Schools in Samar: Basis for A Development Plan”, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Samar State Polytechnic College, Catbalogan, Samar, 1993.
Salazar, Nilo P. “Competencies and Practices of Elementary School Administrators: Inputs for Administrative and Supervisory Program Development”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Samar College, Catbalogan, Samar, 1997.
Solis, Monina. “Managerial Capabilities of Vocational School Administrators in Southern Leyte as Perceived by Them and By Their Teachers: Their Implications to Leadership Behavior and Staff Development”, Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Divine Word University, Tacloban City, 1995.
D. OTHER SOURCES
Education Act of 1982.
Division Bulletin No. 01, s. 1999. dated February 15, 1999.