The Socio-Economic Status of the Non-Formal Education Graduates in Catbalogan
Keywords:
Socio-Economic, Non-Formal Education, Graduates, CatbaloganAbstract
This study attempted to determine the extent to which non-formal education has contributed to the socio-economic upliftment of the non-formal education trainees in Catbalogan, Samar. This research was carried out with the use of the descriptive-normative survey. It specifically discussed the various instruments used in gathering data, the sampling procedures and the treatment of data, in that order. Status of the Non-formal Education Program: The trainees declared that the objectives of the non-formal education program were satisfactorily implemented in Catbalogan. The trainees agreed that Functional Literacy was implemented concomitantly with livelihood skills courses. Although the non-formal education program has greatly helped in the improvement of their socio-economic status, they are still willing to join skills training. A majority of the graduates were self-employed by applying the skills they acquired in training, in effect uplifting their own socio-economic status. Most of the livelihood skills training offered were on service. There were few who took up development of fishing and agricultural skills. Non-formal education planners and implementers should look deeper into the extent of implementation of the objectives, areas/aspects and strategies of the program with the end in view of evolving innovations that would make the program more responsive to the needs of the learners, the locality, the province and the country in general.
References
BOOKS
Albana, Benigno. The Educational System of the Philippines. Manila: University Publishing Company, 1949.
Bergguist, Sydney R. New Webster’s Dictionary. Illinois: Consolidated Book Publisher, 1975.
Bernardino, Felicita C. and Marcos S. Ramos. Non-Formal Education in the Philippines. Malolos, Bulacan: reyvil Bulakena Publishing Corporation, 1981.
Brambeck, Cole S. and Timothy J. Thompson. New Strategies for Educational Development. Massachusetts: D. C. Heath and Company, 1973.
Coombs, Philip H. New Paths to Learning for Rural Children and Youth. U.S.A.: International Council for Educational Development, 1973.
Harbison, Frederick. Strategies for Investing in People Education and the Development of Nation. John W. Hanson and Cole S. Brambeck. New York: Halt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966.
Parombara, Joseph. “Alternative Strategies for Developing Administrative Capabilities in Emerging Nations'' in Riggs (ed.), Frontiers…
Myrdal, Gunnar. Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations. New york: Vintage Books, 1971.
Mannan, Abdul. Trends and Issues in the Economics of Non Formal Education, Team Reports Programs of Studies in Non Formal Education, edited by Marvin Grandstaff, Institute of International Studies in Education, Michigan State University, 1974.
Ople, Bernardo F. Nonformal Education for Development. Quezon City: National Manpower and Youth Council, 1977.
UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS
Abueg, Isabelita. “The Adult and Community Education Programs in the Division of City Schools, Pasay City, in the School Year 1971-2972.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, National Teachers College, Manila, 1974.
Albino, Conchita A. “Vocational and Avocational Preferences of out-of-school Youths in Iriga City as a Basis for Non Formal Education.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis. University of Northeastern Philippines, Iriga City, March, 1978.
Alejon, Alejandro A. “A Study of the Practices in Adult and Community Education in the Division of Ilocos Norte from 1969-1977.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Northwestern Colleges, March, 1973.
Angeles, Luz. “Countryside Development Through Nonformal Education in the Town of Sorsogon in 1977-1979.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Technological University of the Philippines, Manila, 1979.
Baldeo, Simpronio L. “Implementation of the NFE Program in the Division of Masbate as Perceived by the NFE Coordinators and Classroom Teachers, School Year 1978-1980.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, BVNS, Baguio City, December, 1980.
Carasco, Juan. “An Analysis of Problems in the Implementation of Adult and Community Education Program in the Division of Camarines Norte.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, The University of Nueva Caceros, Camarines Sur, 1975.
Codilla, Dinah. “A Study in the Implementation of Adult and Community Education Program in the District of Talisay II for the School Year 1970-1973.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Visayas, Cebu City, 1974.
Cepe, Anicia C. “Non Formal Education Program and Its Implication in the Division of City Schools, Manila, University of Nueva Caceres, Naga City, 1980.
Conde, Benigno B. “A Comparison of Adult Education Programs in the Philippines, Japan and Thailand.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, 1968.
Chan-Gonzaga, Cres V. “Proposed Non Formal Education Alternative for Development of Rural Women in Barangay San Jose, Tacloban City,” A Doctoral Dissertation, San Carlos University, Cebu City, May 1979.
Dela Torre, felix. “A Study on the Promotion of Literacy Education Among the Adults and Out-of-School Youth as Undertaken by the Bureau of Public Schools in their Annual Convention for the Improvement of ACE, School Year 1960-1962. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, San Pablo Colleges, San Pablo City, 1962.
Del Rosario, Eusebio. “Nonformal Education Program in the Division of Bulacan, An Assessment.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Bulacan College of Arts and Trades, Malolos, Bulacan, 1982.
Espina, Federico. “Implementation of Adult and Community Education in the Division of Albay.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Bicol Teachers College, Albay, 1966-1967.
Naparota, Calixto A. “An Appraisal of Non Formal Education Program in the Community Schools in the District of Loreto, Agusan del Sur, 1978-1979.” Unpublished Thesis, University of Bohol, Tagbilaran City, 1979.
Leonen, Avelina B. “A Proposed Non Formal Education Program for Quirino, based on Socio-Economic Profile.” Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Centro Escolar University, Manila, 1978.
Punongbayan, Carmelita. “Non formal Education: An Innovative Approach to Community and National Development.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, St. Peters’s College, Iligan City, 1975.
PUBLISHED MATERIALS
Commonwealth Act No. 80. Entitled “An Act Creating the Office of Adult Education, Enumerating Its Duties, Defining Its Objectives and Providing Funds For Its Operation.” October 26, 1930.
Department Memorandum No. 121, s. 1977. Department of Education and Culture, Manila.
Department Memorandum No. 263, s. 1978. Department of Education and Culture, Manila.
Hammrksjold, Dag. “What Now?.” The 1975 Dag Hammarskjold Report on Development and International Corporation. Uppsala, Sweden: 1975.
Katz, Saul M. “Exploring a Systems Approach to Development.” in Fred W. Riggs (ed.), Frontiers of Development Administration: Durham, N. Carolina: Duke University Press. 1970.
Kleis, Russell J., et al. Towards Contextual Definition of Non formal Education. Program of studies in Lansing, Michigan State University, 1973.
Kransberg, Melvin. “Technology and Human Values.” Dialogue. Vol. 11:4, ICA, W.D.C., 1978.
Mendoza, Roseanna C. and Vicente Mariano. “Summary Readings on Development.” Philippines Journal of Public Administration. Vol. XXV, No. 1 January, 1981.
National Economic Development Authority. Eastern Visayas in Perspective: A Regional Socio-Economic Profile.
Office of Non Formal Education. Non Formal Education: A Primer. Manila: Ministry of Education and Culture.
Presidential Decree No. 6-A “Educational Development Decree of 1972.” Malacanang Palace: Office of the President. September 29, 1972.
Southeast Asian Minister of Education Secretariat. SEAMEO Regional Conference in Non Formal Education: Report of the Conference on Non Formal Education: Report of the Conference held in Bangkok, Thailand on August 16-22, 1976. Bangkok, Thailand, 1976.
UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Asia and Oceania Regional Training Workshop for Instructional Materials Development for Out-of-School Population Education.” San Leonardo Nueva Ecija: REAO, 1979.
UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Asia and Oceania. Administration of Literacy and Adult Education. Bangkok, Thailand: ROEAO, 1970.
