The Effect of RFU Exercises on the Development of Comprehension in English
Keywords:
Effect, RFU Exercises, Comprehension, EnglishAbstract
This study attempted to discover the effect of RFU exercises on the development of comprehension in English of first year secondary students. The study on the effect of RFU exercises on the development of comprehension in English made use of the pretest and post test control group design. The computed t-value of the pretest and the post test of the control group is 0.727459 which is 1.218541 less than the critical/ tabular t-value of 2.045 at =.o5 and df at 29. that of the experimental group is 4.7 which is greater by 2.6555 than the critical/tabular t-value of 2.045. A significant difference was noted between the pretest and the post test of the experimental group. It implies, therefore, that the RFU exercises appeared to have taught effectively since the subjects made significant gains in the post test. For the recommendation, the RFU exercises may be used as reference points for the development of similar exercises on higher and complicated skills by teachers handling second to fourth year English. RFU exercises on the word, phrase and sentence levels may be developed.
References
BOOKS
Bernard, Harold W. Psychology of Learning and Teaching. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1968.
Bond, Guy L., and Miles A. Tinker, reading Difficulties: Their Diagnosis and Correction. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., 1968.
Cunningham, J. W. Three Recommendations to Improve Reading Comprehension. Mass: Lexington Books, 1983.
Dechant, Emerald V. and Henry S. Smith, Psychology of Reading. N. J. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1961.
Gatmaitan, Wilhelmina, Evelyn S. Salazar, and Araceli M. Villamin, Developmental Reading. Q.C.: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 1987.
Gay, L. R., Educational Research: Competencies and Application. Ohio: Charles Merill Publishing, Co., 1976.
Guzman, Maybelle K. et al., Developing Reading and Language Skills for College. Manila: UE Press, 1976.
Heilman, Arthur W. Principles and Practices of Teaching Reading. Ohio: Charles Merill Books, Inc., 1967.
McCullough, Constance M., Ruth M. Strang, and Arthur E., York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1968.
Schnepf, Virginia, Improving Your Reading Program. New York: The MacMillan Book Company, 1971.
Shafer, Robert, and Arthur S. McDonald, Success in Reading. New Jersey: Silver Burdett Company, 1967.
Triggs, F. )., Reading: Its Creative Teaching and Testing KIndergarten Through College. New York: (Privately Printed by the Author). 1960.
Walpole, Ronald E., Introduction to Statistics. Third Edition; New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1982.
PERIODICAL LITERATURE
Allen, V. F., “Trends in the Teaching of Reading,” English Teaching Forum, June-August, 1978.
Asher, James “The Strategy of the Total Physical Response: An Application to Learning Russian,” International Review of Applied Linguistic, 1979.
Attila, Mirja and Anu Virkkumen, “Teaching ERC in Finland, English Teaching Forum, October 1985.
Baker, L., and Brown, A. L., “Cognitive Monitoring - Understanding Reading Comprehension,” International Reading Associates, 1984.
Bargrasser, Claire Yvette Rolnik, “Teaching Reading Comprehension Skills at a Distance,” English Teaching Forum, July, 1984.
Carrel, Patricia, and Joan Eisterhold, “The Schema Theory and ESL Reading Pedagogy,” TESOL QUARTERLY, 1983.
Cortez, Emilio, Suggestion for Teaching Reading to Young Second Language Learners, “English Teaching Forum, January 1984.
Crafton, Linda K., “Comprehension Before, During and After Reading,” The Reading Teacher, 1983.
Dickinson, Candace A., ‘Individual Reading inthe ESP Classroom,” English Teaching Forum, July, 1984.
Durrel, Donald D., “The Auditory Discrimination Factor in Reading Readiness and Reading Disability,” Educator, May, 1962.
Duyer, Margaret A., “Some Strategies for Improving Reading Efficiency,” English Teaching Forum, July, 1983.
Jones, Linda L., “An Interactive View of Reading: Implications for the Classroom, “ RAP Journal. 1983.
Lee, Darris M., “What is Reading?” The Reading Teacher. International REading Associates, February, 1978.
Long, M. H., “Native Speakers Conversation in the Second Language Classroom on TESOL,” English Teaching Forum, 1983.
Lyons, Liz H., “Developing Your OWn Classroom Teaching Materials,” English Teaching Forum, July, 1984.
Nunan, David, “Principles for Designing Language Teaching Materials,” Guidelines - A Periodical for Classroom Language Teachers, December, 1988.
Rudolf, Kathleen B., “The Effect of Reading Instruction on Achievement in Eight Grade School Social Studies,” Teachers Journal, 1949.
Stanchfield, Jo M., “The Teachers Role in Educational Technology,” Educational Technology, August, 1974.
Stevenson, Robert M., “Using Slides to Improve Reading Comprehension,” English Teaching Forum, March-May, 1973.
Zappolo, Celeste, “A Graded Listening Comprehension Program,” English Teaching Forum. October 1981.
Strain, Jeris E., “Program Assisted Instruction.” English Teaching Forum. September-October, 1973.
William, David “Developing Comprehension Skills at the Post Primary Level,” English Teaching Forum, July, 1983.
PUBLICATIONS OF CENTERS
Bilingual Education. U.P. Diliman: SEAMEO Regional Innotech Center, 1987.
Trainer's Sourcebook (Third Year) Language Component, Manila: PNC Language Study Center, 1990.
UNPUBLISHED THESES
Abadiano, Helen R., “A Starting Level Guide for Instructional Modules in Developing Five Reading Comprehension Skills - Grade Seven Through Grade .
Aguilar, Teresita R. “Effects of Self-Instructional Materials on the Reading Levels of Grade Four Pupils.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, SSPC, 1989.
Dacuro, Alfredo D., “Self-Instructional Materials in Reading for Grade Four Pupils.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, LSC, 1982.
Libit, Mamerta V. Preparation of Prototype Multi-level Modules for Improving Reading Comprehension.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, PNC, 1983.
Sarmenta, Amelia C. “A Proposed Remedial Programmed Instruction on English Present Tense.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, UP, 1964.