Personality, Compassionate Fatigue and Burnout among Nurses
Keywords:
Personality, Compassion Fatigue, BurnoutAbstract
This study aims to determine the prevalence and relationship of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction experienced by a nurse working in Samar Provincial Hospital. This study employed the descriptive research design using correlational analysis. Based on the findings of an assessment conducted by the Department of Health, the institutions have 95% compliance. But there are still aspects that need to be considered in terms of the needs of the nurses such as the compensation, the increasing number of patients, the lack of training and seminars and the lack of supplies and equipment. Additionally, as discussed in the limitations, the questionnaire may have skewed the results of the study by eliminating individuals who have high anxiety and tough-mindedness and who may have been appropriate for the study. The personality profile along with emotional stability, apprehension, and abstraction had a significant relationship with the nurse-respondents' compassion fatigue and burnout. Moreover, the personality profile along openness to change had a significant relationship with the nurses’ compassion fatigue while tension on burnout. Work-related components can also be a mitigating factor in the development of compassion fatigue and burnout if these components are not addressed respectively. Nurse-respondents should be encouraged to grow professionally through active involvement in relevant in-service training and pursuing master’s degree for them to internalize their duties and accountabilities.
References
Abendroth, M. and Flannery, J, (2006). Predicting the Risk of Compassion Fatigue: A
Study of – Hospice Nurses, Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing: Nov.
/Dec. 2006 – volume 8 –issue 6 – pp 346-356.
Anewalt, P. (2009). Fired up or burned out? Understanding the importance of
professional boundaries in home health care hospice. Home Healthcare Nurse, 27(10),
-597.
Aslop, C. M, 2012. Compassion Fatigue in Nurses within the First year of Employment, Myth
or Reality?
Ashton, M.C., 2013, Individual Differences and Personality (2nd Edition). Elsevier Inc., ISBN
-0-12-416009-5.
Aycock, N.A., & Boyle, D. (2009). Interventions to Manage Compassion Fatigue in
Oncology Nursing. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 13(2), 183-191.
Doi:10.1188/09.CJON.183-6990.
Azeem, S.M., 2013. Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Burnout among Healthcare
Employees, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social
Sciences July 2013, Vol. 3., No. 7 ISSN: 2222-6990.
Babao, K., Ballenas, L., Beñales., and Pueyo, 2008, Socio-demographic factor affecting
personality traits of nurses in Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines, USM R & D J 16(1): 35-
ISSN 0302-7937.
Baker, A.B., Lewig, K.A., & Dollard, M.F. (2016). The relationship between the Big Five
Personality Factors and Burnout: A study Among Volunteer Counselors. The
Journal of Social Psychology, 146(1), 31-50.
Braunschneider, H. (2013). Preventing and Managing Compassion Fatigue and Burnout
in Nurse, ESSAI: Vol. 11, Article 11. http:/dc/code.edu/essai.vol11/iss1/11
Bride, B.E. (2004). The Impact of Providing Psychosocial Services to Traumatized
Populations. Stress, Trauma, and Crisis Journal. 7:29-46.
Bonfield, A., (2014). The Relationship between the big 5 factors and compassion fatigue; a
study among mental health professionals, Alliant International University, ProQuest
Dissertations Publishing, 2014. 3620257.
Carter, S.B. Psy. D. 2012. Where do you fall in the burnout continuum? Recognizing the
danger signs of burnout. Psychology Today.
Cattell, H.E.P. and Mead, A.D., (2008). The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF),
page 135-159.
Candano & Mancuyas (2015). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Compassion Fatigue
among Nurses in the Philippine Heart Center, Division of Pediatric Care.
Chang, HY, et al. 2016. Openness to Experience, work experience, and patient safety,
Journal of Nursing Management, volume 24, issue 8, page 1089-1108.
Coetzee, S.K., & Klopper, H. C. (2010). Comparison fatigue within nursing practice: A
concept analysis. Nursing and Health Sciences, 12, 235-243.
Craig, C. & Sprang, G. (2008), Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue and
Burnout in a National Sample of Trauma Treatment Therapists. Taylor & Francis
Online, Vol. 23, 2010, Issue 3, page 319-339.
Deanne, 2011, Compassion in Diversity, Filipino Nurses Organization, Copyright
/WordPress Theme by MH Themes excerpt from
http://filipinonurses.org/posts/author/deanne/
Duffy, J.R. (2005). Implementing the quality-caring model in accurate care. The Journal of
Nursing Administration, 35(1), 11-14. Doi10.1097/00005110-200501000-00002.
Duffy, J. (2013, April 17). Quality Caring in Nursing & Health Systems.
Figley, C.R. (1983). Catastrophes: An overview of Family Reaction. In C.R. Figley & H.I.
McCubbin (Eds.), Stress and the Family, volume 1: Coping with Catastrophe.
New York, NY: Brunner/Mazel.
Figley, C.R. (1995). Compassion Fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder in
those who treat the traumatized. New York: Brunner-Mazel.
Freudenberger, H.J., 1974, Staff Burnout, Journal of Social Issues, Volume 30, Issue 1, page
-165, DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.
Harr, C. R., et al. (2014). The Impact of Compassion Fatigue and Compassion Satisfaction
on Social Work Students, Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, vol. 5,
Issue 2: page 233-251.
Haskard, K. B., Ph.D., DiMatteo, R.M., Ph.D., and Heritage, J, Ph.D., 2009, Primary care
nurses who convey warmth and caring enhance patient satisfaction with care, Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality, Health Communication 24, pp. 21-32, 2009.
Heaslip, P. 1993. Revised 2008, Critical Thinking and Nursing, the Foundation of Critical
Thinking, Thompson Rivers University
Hirter, J., & Van Nest, R.L. (1995), Vigilance: A concept and a reality. CRNA: The Clinical
Forum for Nurse Anesthetists, 6(2), 96-98.
Hooper, C., et al., Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout and Compassion fatigue among
Emergency Nurses Compared with Nurses in other selected Impatient Specialties,
Journal of emergency nursing, vol. 36, issue 5, Sept. 10 pages 420-427.
Huffman, M.C., 2016. Neuroendocrine and Psychological Factors Associated with Burnout,
Compassion Fatigue, and Reduced Compassion Satisfaction in Mental Health
Professionals, ProQuest Number: 10246396.
Hunsaker, S., Maughan, D. and Heaston, S., 2014, “Factors that Influence the
Development of Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, and Compassion Satisfaction in
Emergency Department Nurses”, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2015; 47:2, 186-194.
Jackson D. Firtko A, Edenborough M. (2007). Personal resilience as a strategy for
surviving and thriving in the face of workplace adversity: A literature review. J
Adv. Nurs 60: 1-9.
Joinson, C. (1992). Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing 22(4), 116, 118-119, 120.
Kieft, R. AMM, de Brouwer, B. BJM, Francke, A.L, Delnoij, D. MJ, (2014), How nurses and
their work environment affect patient experiences of the quality of care: A
qualitative study, BMC Health Services Research, 2014, 14:249.
Kim, Y. Ph.D. RN. Et al. (2016). Influence of type D personality on job stress and job
satisfaction in clinical nurses: the mediating effects of compassion fatigue,
burnout, and compassion satisfaction, JAN, Informing Practice and Polices
Worldwide through Research and Scholarship, Volume 73, Issue 4 April 2017 Pages
-916.
Koloroutis, M., 2004. Relationship-Based Care: A model for Transforming Practice, Creative
Health Care Management.
Liu, Y., Wang, X., Dou, K. and Zhang, B. 2015. An Empirical Study on the Relationship
between Self-control and Employees’ Initiative Behavior: The Intermediary Role of
Emotion Burnout, Open Journal of Business and Management, 2015, 3, 219-227.
Lombardo, B., Eyre, C., (2011) “Compassion Fatigue: A Nurse’s Primer” OJIN: The Online
Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 16, No. 1 Manuscript 3.
Maslach, C. and Leiter, M. P., 2005. “Reversing Burnout: How to Rekindle your Passion
for your work”, Stanford Social Innovation Review.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1996). Toward a new generation of personality theories:
Theoretical contexts for the five-factor model. In J.S. Wiggins (Ed.), the five-factor
model of personality: Theoretical Perspective (pp. 51-87). New York: Guilford.
Ona, E. T., 2012, Administrative Order No. 2012-0012 “Rules and Regulation Governing the
New Classification of Hospital and other Health Facilities in the Philippines”,
Department Of Health, July 18, 2012.
Peidmont, R. L. (1993). A Longitudinal analysis of burnout in health care setting: The role
of personal disposition Journal of Personality Assessment. 61(3), 457-473.
Potter, P., et al (2010). Compassion Fatigue and Burnout: Prevalence among oncology
nurses. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 14(5), E56-E62.
doi:10.1188/10.CJON.E56-E62.
Potter, P., et al (2013). Evaluation of a compassion fatigue resiliency program for oncology
nurses. Oncology Nursing Forum, 40(2), 180-187.
Robinson, TM, 2016. Predictive Factors of Compassion Fatigue among Firefighters, Walden
University Scholar Works.
Rushton, C., Bacheller, J., Schroeder, K., and Donohue, P., 2015. Burnout and resilience
among nurses practicing in high-intensity settings, American Journal of Critical Care,
vol. 24 no. 5 page 412-420.
Sabo, B. M. (2006). Compassion fatigue, and nursing work: Can we accurately capture the
consequences of caring work? International Journal of Nursing Practice, 12, 136-142.
Schmidt, KH. Neubach, B. & Heuer, H., 2007, Self-control demands, cognitive control
deficits, and burnout, An International Journal of Work, Health & Organizations,
Volume 21, 2007 – Issue 2, pages 142-154.
Shalabi, A. M., Nodoushan, F., Mohammad Ali Salmani, (2009). Personality theory and
TESOL, Journal of Educational Psychology, v3 n1 p14-22 May-Jul 2009.
Sheppard, K., (2015). Compassion fatigue among registered nurses: Connecting theory
and research, Applied Nursing Research Volume 28, Issue 1, February 2015, Pages
-59.
Shirom, A. (1989). Burnout in work organizations In: Cooper, C.L., and Robertson, I., Ed.,
International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Wiley, New York,
-48.
Sincero, S. (2012). General Adaptation Syndrome. Retrieved Dec. 1, 2017, from
Explore.com/general-adaptation-syndrome.
Smart, D., et al. 2015. Compassion Fatigue & Compassion Satisfaction: A cross-sectional
survey among US Healthcare Workers. Nursing and Health Sciences, 16, 3-10.
Doi:10.1111./nhs.12068.
Smith, M., et al. 2015. Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice, Fourth edition, F.A. Davis
Company, Philadelphia.
Stamm, B. H. (2009). The concise ProQOL manual. Retrieved from
Star, K. L., 2013. The Relationship between Self-Care Practices, Burnout, Compassion Fatigue,
and Compassion Satisfaction among Professional Counselors and Counselors in-Training,
UMI Number: 3618924
Tamayo, R., et al. (2016). Professional Quality of Life of Staff Nurses in the Cancer
Institute of the Philippine General Hospital. Journal of Oncology Navigation &
Survivorship Vol. 7 Issue 9, p32-32.2/3p.
Teng, Chang and Hsu, 2009. Emotional Stability of Nurses: Impact on Patients Safety, JAN
Informing Practice, and Policy Worldwide through Research and Scholarship,
volume 65, Issue 10, pages 2088-2096.
Urban, Sarah J., 2012. Nurses’ Reflection, Compassion Fatigue, and Work Burnout – A
Correlational Analysis, Walden University, ProQuest Number: 10621186.
Watson, J. (2014, March 7). Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Care: Celebration Luncheon with
Distinguished Nursing Theorist Dr. Jean Watson. Lecture conducted from St. Mary
Medical Center, Long Beach, CA.
Wu, Stacey, 2015. Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, and Compassion Satisfaction among Oncology
Nurses within an International Setting, Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.UMI
Number: 1591644
Yang, Y. H., & Kim, J.K. (2012). A literature review of compassion fatigue in nursing.
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing, 24(1), 38-51.
Yoder, E.A., (2008). Compassion Fatigue in Nurses, Applied Nursing Research 23 (2010),
-197.
Yuen, W. Wong W. Holroyd E, Tang K (2014). Resilience in work-related stress among female
sex workers in Hongkong. Qual Health Res. 24: 1232-1241.
