Effectiveness of Comparative Analogy Approach in Teaching Chemistry Concepts
Keywords:
Effectiveness, Comparative Analogy, Chemistry, ConceptsAbstract
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the comparative analogy approach in teaching chemistry concepts to third year high school students. The Post-test-Pre-test-Control Group method of research was employed in this study using a validated teacher made test. The reliability of the test instrument was tried out to 101 fourth year high school students. The samples were two groups of third year high school students of Samar State Polytechnic College which were chosen by purposive matching of their Science and Technology II grades and sex. In testing whether there was a significant improvement in the levels of understanding of chemistry concepts by students subjected to the comparative analogy approach per post-test – pre-test results, the computed t of 13.365 was contrasted with the tabular t value of 2.048. The computed t value was greater than the tabular t value suggesting a rejection of the null hypothesis. Thus, there is a significant improvement in the levels of understanding of chemistry concepts by the students using a comparative analogy approach of teaching. The awareness or knowledge of the two groups of students about the concepts at the start of the experiment are the same. Chemistry teachers are encouraged to use a comparative analogy approach to enhance and concretize understanding of abstract chemistry concepts.
References
BOOKS
Anderson, John R. (1985). Cognitive Development and Its Implications. (2nd ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Co.
Arends, Richard I. (1988). Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
Callahan, J. F., and Clark, L. H. (1983). Foundations of Education. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc.
Dawson, Charles. (1991). Beginning Science Teaching: Education Australia. Australia: Longman Cheshire Pty. Ltd.
Deese, James and Hulse, Stewart. (1967). The Psychology of Learning. (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.
Ebel, R. L. (1965). Measuring Educational Achievement. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Garrison, Karl C. (1961). Learning the Basic School Subjects. In C. Skinner (Ed.), Cognitive Psychology. (4th ed.). New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd.
Grant, P. Johnson, L., Sanders, E. (1990). Better Links: Teaching Strategies in the Science Classroom. Australia: STAV Publishing Pty. Ltd.
Keenan, C. W., Wood, J. H., Kleinfelter, D. C. (1976). General College Chemistry. (5th ed.). New York: Harper and Row, Publishers.
Lawther, John D. (1961). Learning Motor Skills and Knowledge. In C. Skinner (Ed.), Cognitive Psychology. (4th ed.) New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd.
Smith, Henry and Dechant, Emerald. (1961). Psychology in Teaching Reading. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Sprinthall, Norman A. and Sprinthall, Richard C. (1987). Educational Psychology: A Development Approach. (4th ed.). New York: Random House, Inc.
Stanley, Julian C. and Hopkins, Kenneth D. (1972). Educational and Psychological Measurement and Evaluation. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Walpole, Ronald E. (1982). Introduction to Statistics. Quezon City, Phil.: EDCA Publishing and Distributing and Distributing Corporation.
White, Richard T. (1988). Learning Science. United Kingdom: Basil Blackwell Inc.
JOURNALS
Driver, Rosalind and Oldham, Valerie. (1986). A Constructivist Approach to Curriculum Development in Science. Studies in Science Education. 3, 105-122.
Javier, Ernesto. (1984). Some Issues in the Education of Chemical Engineers. PICHE Journal. 1, (1), 8-10.
Hernandez, Dolores F. (1982). PAtterns of Relevant Education for Countryside Development. INNOTECH Journal. 6, (1), 6-19.
Laya, Jaime C. (1985). Keynote Address, Second Round Table Discussion on Quality Education: Science and Technology. Education and Culture Journal. 1, (2), 13-15.
Mercado, Cesar. (1982). Effective Instructional Materials for Rural Clientele. INNOTECH Journal. 6, (1), 37-42.
Osborne, Roger and Wittrock, Merlin. (1985). Learning Science: A Generative Approach. Studies in Science Education. 12, 59-87.
Peterson, R. F., Treagust, D. F., Garnett, P. (1989). Development and Application of a Diagnostic Instrument to Evaluate Grade-11 and 12 Students’ Concepts of Cova-Instruction. Journal of Research inScience Teaching. 26, (4), 301-314.
UNPUBLISHED WORKS
Caiobes, Efrene P. (1990). Science Learning in Relation to Competency in English of First Year High School Students of Balayan Colleges. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Pablo Borbon Memorial Institute of Technology, Batangas City.
Castillo, Norberto M. (1974). Molecular Models: An Approach to High School Organic Chemistry. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, De La Salle University, Manila.
Briones, Lagrimas. (1982). The Relative Effectiveness of the Modified Individualized Approach and the Lecture-Discussion Method in the Teaching of High School Chemistry. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, West Visayas State College, Iloilo City.
Oliva, Cosette C. (1991). Secondary Chemistry Teachers’ Competence: Inputs to a Proposed Model for Staff Development. Unpublished Doctor’s Dissertation, Samar State Polytechnic College, Catbalogan, Samar, Region VIII, Philippines.
Pili, A. S. (1984). The Learning Cycle: A Piagetian-based Approach in Teaching Chemical Reactions and Equations. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, De La Salle University, Manila.
Suarez, Belen S. (1986). The Teaching of Chemistry in the Cebu State College of Science and Technology. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Southwestern University, Cebu City, Region VII, Philippines.
OTHER MATERIALS
Holman, John (1985). Ethics and Social Responsibility to Industry and Information Technology. Paper presented to the 5th ICASE-ASEAN Symposium, Bangalore India.
Highlights of the Final Report of the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM). (1992). Making Education Work: An Agenda for Reform. Philippines.
Gardner, P. L. (1976). Project WISP (Words in Science: Philippines). Monash University, Australia.
Linasa, Z., Yew Seng, Indraweti. (1989). Report on One’s Experiences in Teaching Secondary Chemistry. SAMEO-RECSAM, Malaysia.
Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education. (1969). Education for National Development - New Patterns, New Directions. Manila, Philippines.
